Simple
present tense
Functions :
1. Daily routine/habit
2. General truth
3. Nowadays activities
Pattern
|
Verbal sentence (verbal : kata kerja)
|
Nominal sentence (complement : Noun /
Adjective / adverb )
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|||||||
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+
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S (I, you, they, we, jamak )+ V1+….
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They eat fried rice
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+
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I + to be ( am) + complement
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I am delighted= happy
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S (she, he, it, tunggal) + V1+s/es + …
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She eats fried rice
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S
(she, he, it, tunggal) + to be (is) + complement
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He is delighted
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S
(you, they, we, jamak ) + to be (are + complement
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You and I are delighted
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-
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S (I, you, they, we, jamak )+ do not +
V1+….
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They
do not eat fried rice
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-
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I +
am not +complement
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I am not delighted= happy
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|||
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S (she, he, it, tunggal) + does not +
V1+ …
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She does not eat fried
rice
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S (she, he, it, tunggal) + is not + complement
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He is not delighted
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S (you, they, we, jamak ) + are not +
complement
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You and I(we) are not delighted
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?
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Do + S (I, you, they, we, jamak ) +
V1+….
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Do they eat fried rice?
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?
|
Am I + complement?
|
Am
I delighted= happy?
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|||
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Does + S (she, he, it, tunggal) + V1+ …
|
Does she eat fried rice?
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Is (she, he, it, tunggal) +
complement?
|
Is he delighted?
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|||||
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Are (you, they, we, jamak ) +
complement?
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Are we delighted?
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5w1h
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What
Where
Why
When
Who
How
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Do + S (I, you, they, we, jamak ) +
V1+….
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When do they eat fried rice?
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5w1h
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What
Where
Why
When
Who
How
|
Am I + complement?
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Why am I delighted= happy?
|
|
|
Does + S (she, he, it, tunggal) + V1+ …
|
When does she eat fried rice?
|
Is (she, he, it, tunggal) +
complement?
|
Why is he delighted?
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|||||
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Are (you, they, we, jamak ) +
complement?
|
Why are we delighted?
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Modal (kata kerja bantu)
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Can
May
Must
Shall
Should
Will
Ought to
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(+) S + modal + V1 +…
( - ) S + modal not + V1 +…
( ? ) modal + S + V1 +…
(?) 5w1h + modal + V1
|
He must go
He must not go
Must he go?
Why must he go?
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Adverb of time : every….(day, week, month, year, etc)
Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rare, never, etc.
Adverb of manner : adjective +ly; e.g. carefully, slowly, etc.
Simple past
tense
Function :
1. Past habit
2. Past truth
3. Past
activities (kegiatan dulu sekarang tidak lagi)
Pattern:
|
Verbal sentence (verbal : kata kerja)
|
Nominal sentence (complement : Noun /
Adjective / adverb )
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|||||
|
+
|
S(I, you, they, we, she, he, it,
tunggal, jamak) + V2 +…
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You did it again
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+
|
S (I, she, he, it, tunggal) + to be
(was) + complement
|
She was a shy girl when she was a
child
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|
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S( you, they , we, jamak) + to be
(were) + complement
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You
were shy girls
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-
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S + did not + V1+…
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You did not do it again
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-
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S (I, she, he, it, tunggal) + was not
+ complement
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She was not a shy girl
|
|
|
S( you, they , we, jamak) + were
not + complement
|
You
were not shy girls
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|||||
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?
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Did + S + V1+…
|
Did you do it again?
|
?
|
Was + S (I, she, he, it, tunggal) +
complement
|
Was she a shy girl?
|
|
|
Were + S ( you, they , we, jamak) +
complement
|
Were you shy girls?
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5W1H
|
 What
Where
Why + did + S + V1+…
When
How
Who + V2 +……
|
Why did you do it again?
Who did it?
|
5W1H
|
 What
Where
Why + was/were + S + complement
When
How
Who
|
Why was she here yesterday?
Why were you here?
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|
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Past Modal
|
Could
Might
Must = had to
Should
Should
Would
Ought to
|
(+) S + modal + V1 +…
( - ) S + modal not + V1 +…
( ? ) modal + S + V1 +…
(?) 5w1h + modal + V1
|
He might go
He might not go
Might he go?
Why might he go?
|
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Adverb of time : last….( week, month, year, etc)
……ago
Yesterday,
this morning, just a few minutes ago, etc.
Adverb of manner : adjective +ly; e.g. carefully, slowly, etc. (dengan
hati-hati, dengan perlahan)
Order of adverb : manner-place –time or place – manner – time or before
subject
Present Continuous Tense
Functions: activity in progress (terjadi saat ini)
Pattern
|
+
|
S(I ) + to be (am) + V1_ing
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I am doing my homework
|
|
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S(you, they , we, jamak ) + are +
V1_ing
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They are playing soccer
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||
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S(she, he, it, tunggal ) + is + V1_ing
|
She is looking for you
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||
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-
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S(I ) + to be (am) not + V1_ing
|
I am not doing my homework
|
|
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S(you, they , we, jamak ) + are not +
V1_ing
|
They are not playing soccer
|
||
|
S(she, he, it, tunggal ) + is not +
V1_ing
|
She is not looking for you
|
||
|
?
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Am I + V1_ing
|
Am I doing my homework?
|
|
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Are + S(you, they , we, jamak ) +
V1_ing
|
Are they playing soccer?
|
||
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Is + S(she, he, it, tunggal ) + V1_ing
|
Is she looking for you?
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||
|
5W1H
|
What
Where
Why
When
How
|
Am I + V1_ing
|
When am I doing my homework?
|
|
Is (she, he, it, tunggal) V1_ing
|
When are they playing soccer?
|
||
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Are (you, they, we, jamak ) + V1_ing?
|
When is she looking for you?
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||
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Who
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Who + are /is + V1_ing?
|
Who is/are working?
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Adverb of time : now, right now, at the moment, at the present time.
Past Continuous Tense
Functions: activity in progress in the past time or at the time of
another action
Pattern
|
+
|
S (you, they , we, jamak ) + were +
V1_ing
|
They were playing soccer at 5 pm last
week
|
|
S ( I, she, he, it, tunggal ) + was +
V1_ing
|
He was looking for you when I met him
|
|
|
-
|
S (you, they , we, jamak ) + were not
+ V1_ing
|
They were not playing soccer at 5 pm
last week
|
|
S ( I, she, he, it, tunggal ) + was
not + V1_ing
|
He was not looking for you when I met
him
|
|
|
?
|
Were + S(you, they , we, jamak ) +
V1_ing
|
Were they playing soccer at 5 pm last
week?
|
|
Was + S(she, he, it, tunggal ) +
V1_ing
|
Was he looking for me when you met
him?
|
Adverb of time : at…hours… (at 8pm
last night/yesterday)
When/
while; ketika
Suatu kegiatan sedang terjadi di
waktu lampu apabila terdapat kegiatan
pembanding
a. When
dan while digunakan pada saat action I yang sedang berlangsung kemudian terhenti
/disela oleh action II
When
dan while bisa diletakkan di depan ataupun ditengah. |
WHEN SIMPLE PAST, PAST CONTINOUS
|
When
he came, Bob was eating
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|
PAST
CONTINOUS + WHEN +SIMPLE PAST
|
Bob
was eating when he came
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Note : after when simple past
after while past
continous
|
WHILE
+ PAST CONTINOUS, SIMPLE PAST
|
While
Bob was eating, he came.
|
|
SIMPLE
PAST WHILE PAST CONTINOUS
|
He
came while Bob was eating.
|
b. While
digunakan saat 2 actions sedang berlangsung bersamaan di waktu lampau
While bisa diletakkan
di depan atau di tengah
|
WHILE
+ PAST CONTINOUS, PAST CONTINOUS
|
While
I was reading a book, They are watching TV
|
|
PAST
CONTINOUS + while + PAST CONTINOUS
|
They are watching TV while I was reading a
book
|
|
Genre
(kinds of text)
|
Recount
|
Narrative
|
Procedure
|
|
Purpose
|
Telling
past experience
|
To entertain
or amuse the reader
|
Tell
how something should be done through a series of sequences steps
|
|
Basic
structure
|
Orientation
Events
Reorientation
|
Orientation
Complication
Resolution
|
Goal
Materials
Steps
|
|
note
|
Past
tense & events
|
Past
tense & a message
|
Present
tense, imperative sentence &ordinal (first, second, next, etc)
|
Pronouns (Personal, Possessive, Relative and Reflexive Pronouns)
|
Personal Pronouns
|
Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
|
Reflexive Pronouns
|
||
|
subject form
|
object form
|
possessive adjective
|
possessive pronoun
|
|
|
I
|
Me
|
my
|
Mine
|
Myself
|
|
You
|
You
|
your
|
Yours
|
Yourself
|
|
He
|
Him
|
his
|
His
|
Himself
|
|
She
|
Her
|
her
|
Hers
|
Herself
|
|
It
|
It
|
its
|
-
|
Itself
|
|
We
|
Us
|
our
|
Ours
|
Ourselves
|
|
You
|
You
|
your
|
Yours
|
Yourselves
|
|
They
|
them
|
their
|
Theirs
|
Themselves
|
Personal Pronouns - Subject Form : We have got some books.
Personal Pronouns - Object Form : The books are for us.
Possessive Adjectives : These are our books.
Possessive Pronouns: The books are ours.
Reflexive Pronouns : He can carry the bags himself.
Relative Pronouns : This is the man who lives next door.
CAUSATIVE MAKE, HAVE, GET
a. untuk
mengekspresikan ide dimana subyek dapat menyuruh (tell), meminta (ask) maupun
memaksa (force) obyek orang untuk melakukan sesuatu. (me, ber)
Object aktif= obyek
orang yang melakukan pekerjaan
|
Subject
+make / have + Object (pelaku/orang)+
V1+ O(benda)
|
I make my brother carry
my suitcase = force
I
have my brother carry my suitcase = request
|
|
Subject
+get + Object (pelaku/orang)+ to +V1+ O(benda)
|
I
get my brother to carry my suitcase = manage to persuade
|
b. untuk
mengekspresikan ide dimana subyek dapat menyuruh (tell), meminta (ask) maupun
memaksa (force) obyek benda di…../ ter…
Object pasif = obyek
benda yang dikenai pekerjaan (di, ter), e.g. rumput dipotong, baju di cuci, etc
|
Subject +make
/ have/get + O(benda)+V3
|
I
had my watch repaired
|
|
I
made my watch repaired
|
|
|
I
got my watch repaired
|
Preposition of time
|
|
Use in
|
|
In
|
Day, season, month, year; morning, dry season, 1990
|
|
On
|
Days and dates; Sunday, 12 May
|
|
At
|
Clock; 4 a.m.
|
|
For
|
Selama; two minutes, a day
|
|
since
|
Semenjak ; Date and time; 10 a.m. ,
1990
|
Phrasal verb = Verb +
preposition new meaning
Give
+ up surrender/menyerah
Note :
1. Intransitive
: no object; she was showed up
2. Transitive
; she makes up a story
3. Separable
: terpisah oleh obyek ; I pick you up
4. Inseparable
: tdk terpisah oleh obyek; You must keep on working
Imperative sentence V1 + obyek|
sentence
|
Function
|
|
+
|
Direction ; turn right
Order ; stand up
polite request : stand up, please
|
|
-
|
Prohibition; don’t +V1; don’t do that!
Don’t be + adjective :
don’t be angry!
|
Will vs Be going to
|
Functions
|
will
|
Be going to
|
|
Future time
|
√
|
√
|
|
Prediction
|
√
|
√
|
|
Decision(keputusan)
We’re going to have an extra class
|
-
|
√
|
|
Willingness (keinginan spontanitas)
bell rumah berbunyi : I’ll open it.
|
√
|
-
|
Expressing purpose (tujuan)
|
In order to (agar) + V1
|
I bring a hp in order to call my
parents
|
|
So that (sehingga)+ s + can/will
|
I bring a hp in so that I can call my
parents
|
