CONJUNCTION

Konjungsi

A.Konjungsi Koordinatif adalah kata yang fungsinya menghubungkan kata dengan kata, frase dengan frase dan kalimat dengan kalimat. Yang termasu konjungsi ini adalah but, and dan or. Konjungsi ini dapat dikombinasikan dengan kata yang lain dan bagian-bagian yang dihubungkan harus tetap sederajat.

1. Both my brother and my sister passed the exam

2. I saw not only the damaged car, but also the dead driver

3. Either you or I feed the chicken

4. Neither you nor I came to the party

B. Konjungsi subordinatif adalah kata yang fungsinya menghubungkan baik anak kalimat ataupun induk.

1. Since, as, for, because = karena
2. although, even though, even if = meskipun, walaupun
3. nevertheless, however, yet, still = namun, akan tetapi
4. unless, if not = jika tidak
5. on the contrary, on the other hand = sebaliknya
6. in case = kalau-kalau
7. therefore, accordingly = oleh karena itu
8. moreover, furthermore = lagi pula
9. while , whereas = sedangkan
10. so = maka, sehingga
11. in order that = supaya, agar

Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunction!

1. She is quite alright….her English is rather poor
2. ..she was very tired, she didn’t want to take a rest
3. We must prepare well, ..we will fail in our exam
4. He lives along way from school, .. he is never late
5. I know several languages…I can read a lot of books.
6. She must be a nurse. …she always wears a white uniform
7. …you know the way, you’d better take a taxi
8. My uncle is an architect…his wife is a psychiatrist
9. I’ll send my boy …you need help
10. her husband has died …she must work to support her children.

Konjungsi

A.Konjungsi Koordinatif adalah kata yang fungsinya menghubungkan kata dengan kata, frase dengan frase dan kalimat dengan kalimat. Yang termasuk konjungsi ini adalah but, and dan or. Konjungsi ini dapat dikombinasikan dengan kata yang lain dan bagian-bagian yang dihubungkan harus tetap sederajat.

1. Both my brother and my sister passed the exam

2. I saw not only the damaged car, but also the dead driver

3. Either you or I feed the chicken

4. Neither you nor I came to the party

B. Konjungsi subordinatif adalah kata yang fungsinya menghubungkan baik anak kalimat ataupun induk.

1. Since, as, for, because = karena
2. although, even though, even if = meskipun, walaupun
3. nevertheless, however, yet, still = namun, akan tetapi
4. unless, if not = jika tidak
5. on the contrary, on the other hand = sebaliknya
6. in case = kalau-kalau
7. therefore, accordingly = oleh karena itu
8. moreover, furthermore = lagi pula
9. while , whereas = sedangkan
10. so = maka, sehingga
11. in order that = supaya, agar

Conjunctions/ Sentence or clause connectors

1.Expressing Contrast

a. Nevertheless     

It was cold. Nevertheless, she didn’t wear jacket

It was cold; nevertheless, she didn’t wear jacket

b. However

It was cold. However, she didn’t wear jacket

It was cold; however, she didn’t wear jacket

2. Expressing a result

a. Therefore

Gita didn’t use a dictionary. Therefore, she made a lot of spelling mistakes in her composition

Gita didn’t use a dictionary; therefore, she made a lot of spelling mistakes in her composition

b. Consequently

Gita didn’t use a dictionary. Consequently, she made a lot of spelling mistakes in her composition

Gita didn’t use a dictionary; consequently, she made a lot of spelling mistakes in her composition

Note : Punctuation

Full stop (.) is used at the end of the first sentence

Semicolon ( ; ) may be used instead of a period between the two sentences

3. Expressing a result

      So / So that

S + V + So that + S + V

The time of result sentence must relate to the future time.

So that is usually followed by can /could /will / would

- He works hard so that he can have much money

- He studied hard so that he could pass the test

4. Expressing purpose

In order to       ; answer the question why and often omitted

I went to library in order to borrow some books

      I went to library to borrow some books

5. Expressing cause

a. Because of

1.  Because of supporting her family, she must work hard.

     She must work hard because of supporting her family

2.  Because of the hot weather, I feel thirsty

     I feel thirsty because of the hot weather

3.  Because of the weather, I feel thirsty

     I feel thirsty because of the weather

Because of + noun/noun phrase+ sentence Sentence + because of + noun/noun phrase

b. Due to

1. Due to the weather, I feel thirsty

   I feel thirsty due to the weather

2. Due to the hot weather, I feel thirsty

   I feel thirsty due to the hot weather

Due to + noun/noun phrase

6. Expressing cause and effect

a. “Because, for, now that, as, since, seeing that”

    for indicating the reason of doing something

-She has to work hard because she must support her family

- She has to work hard for she must support her family

- Now that she must support her family, she has to work hard

- She has to work hard since she must support her family

- As she must support her family, she has to work hard

Because = for = now that

Since = seeing that (Informal speech)

-Seeing that you are a new student, you must obey the rule

b. In case / just in case

            - I am here just in case my mother needs me to help her cooking

            - My mother prepares sandwiches in case I’m hungry

            Present tense for indicating the reason for doing something in a possible future situation

                        - She had packed a sweater in case the weather got cold

                        - I decide to bring an umbrella just in case the rain fell

Past tense for indicating the reason for doing something in the past

7. Expressing Condition
1. Unless : means  if… not
2. Only if =
3. Providing/Provided : means if or only