Modals

MODALS

Modal Present	Modal Past	Modal Perfect
Modal Present+ V1/be   -          can -          may -          must ( have to ) -          shall -          will -          should -          ought to	Modal Past + V1/be -          could -          might -          must ( had to ) -          should -          would -          should -          ought to	Modal Perfect+ have + VIII / been -          could have -          might have -          must have -          should have -          would have -          should have       -     ought to have

Note :

1. Modal Present untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa saat sekarang atau masa depan
2. Modal Past untuk mengungkapkan peristiwa masa lampau
3. Modal Perfect untuk menyimpulkan suatu peristiwa yang sudah terjadi berdasarkan tanda-tanda yang ada. E.g. I’m sorry the news is late. She should have sent the letter to you last week. (faktanya minggu kemarin tidak dikirim)

Conditional

1. Type 1 : If  + S Present, Future / S + Modal Present ( will + V1/be)
2. Type II : If + S Past (V2 / were), S + Modal Past (would + V1/be)
3. Type III : If + Past Perfect (had+V3/ had been , S + Modal Perfect (would have +V3/been)
 

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(Kalimat Pengandaian)
Type 1 : Future-Probable Condition (Kondisi yang mungkin terjadi di masa mendatang)
Pattern : If + Subj + V1, Subj + will +V1/inf
(Klausa-if: simple present, klausa akibat: present future)
Contoh : If I have much money, I will buy a new car.
If he is here, I will give him money.

Type 2 : Present – Unreal condition (Kondisi/fakta bertentangan dengan masa kini / present).
Pattern : If + Subj + V2, Subj + would + V1/inf
(Klausa-if: simple past, klausa akibat: past future)
Contoh: If I had much money, I would buy a new car.
If he were here, I would give him money.
Pola inversi: were he here, I would give him money.

Type 3 : Past – unreal condition (Kondisi/fakta bertentangan dengan masa lampau / past).
Pattern : If + Subj + had + V3, Subj + would + have + V3
(Klausa-if: past perfect, klausa akibat: past perfect future)
Contoh : If I had had much money, I would have bought a new car.
If he had been here, I would have given him money.
Pola inversi: had he been here, I would have given him money
Contoh soal:
1. They…………..the trip if they had known she was sick.
a. had postponed c. will have postponed e. would postponed
b. would have postponed d. would postpone
Jawab: b (would have postponed)
2. Katty ……….. you if she had your phone number.
a. will call c. called e. would had called
b. would call d. would have called
Jawab: b (would call)
3. Aisyah : Will you come to the meeting?
Kirana : I don’t know. I can’t make up my mind.
What is the topic we’re going to talk about?
Aisyah : Water supplies for our village. It’s interesting, isn’t it?
Kirana : Okay then. I will come if it…….
a. doesn’t rain c. didn’t rain e. won’t rain
b. isn’t raining d. hasn’t rained
Jawab: a (doesn’t rain)
4. Had she found the right buyer, she …… the house.
a. would have sold c. will sell e. sells
b. would sell d. sold
Jawab: a (would have sold)

5. ‘Had the company been fair in giving bonuses, the employees would not have gone strike.’
From the above sentence, we may conclude that……
a. the employees are still going on strike
b. the company gave the employees fair bonuses
c. the employees were not given bonuses at all
d. the company has lost many employees
e. the employees were very dissatisfied
Jawab: e (the employees were very dissatisfied)